Saturday, February 21, 2015

My Really Long Blog About The American Education System

This post was originally written on 2/29/2012
I think pretty much everyone has picked up on the fact that I have a child in elementary school.  We haven't spent a whole lot of time discussing education on the page, but we have touched on it some.  Mainly we have touched on it while discussing other topics like parenting, religion and politics, which isn't quite the same as getting down to brass tacks about what is right and wrong with the way we educate our children in this country.  An article I was reading reminded me that I haven't yet taken the time to vomit out all of my views on the American system of education, and since I was bored I figured I might as well do that now..
       Regardless of what your religious or political views are, and frankly even if you are not a parent with young children, I think that it is safe to say that everyone agrees that kids need to be taught some things.  Not too many people out there advocating that we should just let children stumble around picking everything up on their own through trial and error.  There are a plethora of different views about what the correct way to educate kids is, but they all start with the basic premise that if we don't figure out a way to at least teach them the basics like reading, writing and arithmetic then they will never progress to the point where their parents can hope to get their own lives back.
       Some people believe that home schooling children and having them learn from their parents is the answer.  Some people believe that the church that they belong to should provide not only religious instruction, but practical education as well.  Still others believe in various forms of publicly funded education.  Unfortunately, with all the different options and ideas that there are to choose from, people spend most of their time arguing the comparative merits of one type of education over another, and this has led to an overall system of education in our country that is broken, and in quite a few areas, broke.
      I, being stuck at home all day every day, have had a lot of time to think about this subject.  Thanks to my nifty little blog and Facebook page, I also have an outlet with which to share my thoughts with others.  I think I will try and organize this is a Question/ Ranting Answer format, just to make it less painful to slog through.  Hang on, cause here we go:

What should American children be required to learn?
       To my mind, the answer to this one is rather obvious- as much as their little minds can possibly hold.  The reasoning for this is that despite the best guess of any parent, teacher, or politician, absolutely no one can predict with any certainty what a child is going to choose to do with their life once they reach adulthood.  Ours is a free country, and eventually every child is going to be an adult who has the right to make their own choices.  So it doesn't much matter what Mom and Dad or anyone else thinks is valuable and necessary information, because that one thing that they decide isn't important may turn out to be what the child turns out to be most interested in when they are older.  Giving them access to a little bit of knowledge about a wide variety of subjects allows them to identify those areas that they want to explore more deeply.
       Of course there are children who are more talented in some areas, and less talented in others.  There are kids who have learning disabilities, or who are less driven to climb a corporate ladder, whatever.  I am firmly convinced that no one is adequately qualified to determine a child's potential to learn or to develop and maintain an interest in a particular subject while that child is still in the process of growing up.  Adults through the ages have made many mistakes trying to gauge for one reason or another what children under their control are capable of learning, and with each generation those kids grow up thinking that the adults who influence their lives are stupid.  We wonder why that is, yet time and time again it is one of those children, who was deemed by their parents or a school counselor or someone else as dull, that turns out to have what it takes to succeed in ways that no one who knew them as a child would have dreamed of.
        Obviously educators, no matter who they are, need to cover the basics like reading and writing and arithmetic.  Those are still going to be universal because they are so necessary to being able to function in society.  The rest of the education that children get needs to be focused less on training them to do what adults think they will be able to do,and more focused on helping them to figure out how to do what they think they might like to do.

So who should be teaching our kids?
       The short answer to this is whoever the kid is willing and able to learn from.  The reason the issue of education has many of us so divided is that there is no right or wrong way to teach every child.  This is not to be confused with the idea that there is no wrong way to teach any child, and I think a lot of people don't see that.  Children, just like the adults that they later become, are individuals.  Not every child is able to adapt to a classroom setting, nor is every child able to focus when being taught in a home schooling environment.  
        One of the things that we have discussed on the page is that in my particular case, Thing One and I could not possibly succeed with homeschooling.  Our personalities and our lifestyle just would not allow us to make that shift from parent and child to teacher and student.  Both of us would be miserable, and history has shown that Thing One would choose to be ignorant out of spite.  For her,  a classroom where she can learn alongside and from her peers is best.  On the flip side, I have known many children who do not cope well with the traditional classroom, and who instead thrive on the one on one interaction that home schooling or alternative schooling provides. 
        The other thing that must be considered here is the attitude and goals of the educator as compared to those of the child.  For me, this come more into play when considering the religious vs secular education, but it also applies to other situations.  A teacher who is intent on incorporating religious teachings into every lesson is not going to reach a student who does not share those religious beliefs.  A student who is intent on getting out of school so that they can start working and making money is not going to engage with a teacher who does not relate the information they are providing to real life.

So who should pay for education, and how?
        Even though education is something that only has to be considered by parents, it is the responsibility of everyone.  For parents, we are educating our children in the hopes that they will manage to gain independence of us some time before we die.  For society as a whole, children need to be educated so that they can keep things going when the rest of us are too old and decrepit to do it ourselves.  Even if you do not have children yourself, that snot nosed kid from around the corner is still going to grow up and join our society and do something that is going to help maintain the economy.  They might be the person who pumps your gas, or they might be the doctor who discovers that you have cancer.  You never know.  What you can be sure of is the fact that no man is an island, and not even the Amish can get by without raising up the generations that come after them to work in some capacity to keep the community and all it's members going.
        Recently, certain political candidates have made the argument that it is the responsibility of parents to educate their children, and those idiots have tried to make the point that prior to industrialization, mothers stayed home and taught their children without the benefit of any formal education system.  What these people fail to realize is that we've long ago progressed beyond simply teaching our children to read and write and do basic math.  We have also progressed beyond the point where the economy revolved around simply providing for the basic needs of each family.  Gone are the days when most of our citizens lived and died on the family farm, making do with what they could make or grow for themselves and supplemented only by the items that could be purchased down at the General Store.
         In a society where even the poorest among us has grown accustomed to such luxury items as telephones, microwaves, and running water; in a society where the only thing left to be had without a cost is the very air we breathe, this is no longer a feasible option for the majority of society.  Very few families are in a position to not only keep one parent home for the years that it takes to educate their children, but to also have that parent become knowledgeable enough about the vast amount of information that there is to know in order to allow a child to grow up and be anything they want to be.  Basically, Ma Ingall's could not have raised up and educated Mark Zuckerberg all on her own.
       Keeping this in mind, society as a whole is going to have to contribute to financing the education of everyone's children.  Most people have known this on some level already, and every level of government we have has had a hand in trying to develop a system for meeting this need.  Again, this brings us back around to politics and who is best suited to collect and dole out the money for education.  My personal belief is that this is a Federal Government issue, and this is why:  We are a nation.  A whole, and we are all created equal, at least according to one of the documents that our country has considered to be a pretty important part of our national heritage.  Being a nation of equals, I believe that a child in Florida deserves and needs the same educational opportunities as a child in Alaska.
       Before you start spluttering, I am not advocating that the Federal Government take over setting the curriculum for every child in America.  Exactly the opposite.  I simply feel that an equal amount of taxes should be collected from every adult in our country (and then double that rate from every business in the country) and then that money should be distributed equally back to the parent or guardian of every school aged child in the country in the form of an education voucher that can be used to pay for their education.  Public schools will still be run at the local level, but the difference is that those schools will now receive their funding in the form of tuition, which will be paid by the parents choosing to enroll their children in that school with their vouchers.  Collecting and allocating these funds, along with setting the minimum standards for education in core subjects should be the only role of the Federal Department of Education.
         So basically we go with the school of choice idea that has been tossed around, but we do it in a way that guarantees that no child starts with a lower baseline than any other child.  Any school or education program that can earn accreditation by their state will be able to redeem the voucher assigned to a student enrolled in their program.  Schools wishing to raise additional funds for their school to use for education purposes must do so through fundraising and donations.  Yes, you're going to have some schools that are better at fundraising than others, but at least they are all starting out with the same amount of per pupil spending.

What was that you said about minimum standards?
         Now we get to the dreaded standardized testing argument.  Yes, you read that line about the Federal Department of Education setting minimum standards correctly.  I know people hate the idea of having standards and stuff, but it is a necessary evil.  I do however have a twist though.  Rather than just using a bunch of adults to sit around and guess what it is that children should know, let's use the kids to determine that.  Take the school with the highest graduation rate in the country.  Test that school districts students on their knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and use those students test scores to set the minimum standard.  If the average student in a school district that actually graduates almost all of their students can learn a set of skills, then that seems like a pretty good baseline to me.
        Then make a few changes to the way that we test.  Instead of testing kids only every few years, test them EVERY year.  If they do not demonstrate a grasp of the basic minimum standard skills for their grade level, do not promote them to the next grade.  Also, stop testing kids in February and March on knowledge that they are supposed to still be learning until the beginning of June.  Test two weeks before the end of the school year, and then have those tests graded either locally or in the state capital to determine which kids have passed and which have failed.  Students who have failed should be required to take Summer School in the subjects that they failed, and retest at the end of it.  Still don't pass?  Then it's time to consider either repeating the grade, or reconsidering whether that child is in the best learning environment for them.  This decision should be left up to the parents, but the child should not be promoted if they can't grasp what they should have gotten out of the grade level they were in.
         Switching back to being a Democrat for a minute, every child should be required to either graduate, obtain a GED, or at least be trying to graduate until they reach 18.  The statistics on kids who entered the workforce without at least a GED are grim when it comes to be able to support themselves without the assistance of welfare or Mom and Dad, and I could give a rat's behind whether employers like these kids to start working young because they work cheap or not.  If a kid wants to quit school because they have dreams of working at McDonald's until they eventually work up to being a franchise owner, then they are probably delusional and need some more education.  If a parent needs their child to quit school and work to help support the family, then that parent is being selfish and shortsighted, and they need to find another option.  I don't care if they have to enroll the kid in an alternative program that let's them learn online at home while still working for a paycheck, that kid especially needs to be learning as much as they can to help them get into a career that will support them as an adult.

What would public school look like with all these other choices?
        Public schools would definitely lose some funding if parents could actually choose how their child was going to be educated without the pressure of having to pay out of pocket for all of it unless they picked public school, sure.  But public schools are wasting a hell of a lot of money now that they shouldn't be.  
        For starters, public schools (and schools in general) need to dump the athletics programs and physical education, art class, music class, and every damn one of the extracurricular activities.  Public Education is about providing information and teaching children to apply knowledge to life.  The reason that public education sucks is because people are trying to cram too many different options and activities into the school day.  Most of these add ons exist to meet the needs or desires of a small percentage of the students but are getting paid for out of the funds of every student.  Kids spend so much time trying to jump from one activity to the next in elementary school that they are rushing through the actual information and not getting to delve deeper into the things that they find interesting.  The extra time they have to spend on actual lessons will give the teachers more time to deal with students one on one and address any problems that those kids who aren't getting it have.
         I also think that public schools should cut back to a four day week for the regular curriculum.  On that fifth day, let community groups use the school for art classes, music classes, driver's ed, cooking classes, etc. for a nominal rental fee.  Let the school buses provide transportation to these activities.  Sports programs, chorus and band groups, cheerleading, all these activities, if they were not offered in the schools, would pop up in the community if there was a demand for them.  Heck, they are already there, they just haven't been able to accommodate as many kids because most of those kids are doing the same activity in school for free.  Let these community based programs expand and look to their communities for funding, rather than restricting them to the elite few who are willing and able to pay through the nose for them.
         In addition to cutting non education programs, I say let the PTO actually raise money for things that the kids need in their classrooms.  Stop limiting them to purchasing fripperies like a decorative bench for the school, and get the parents and kids involved in supporting their schools.  Let the schools take cash donations from the community for the school, rather than The Red Cross and every charity program known to man.  I can't count the number of times that my kid has brought home a flyer asking for a donation to a charity and I've thought, Why aren't they asking for donations to buy books for the school library or something?

      What about higher education?
        Personally, I want my kids to go to college and get at least a bachelor's degree in whatever area of study interests them.  I spent a lot of years working my tail off in dead end low paying jobs because I was not qualified to get hired doing anything else that interested me and paid better.  Even being reasonably bright and willing to work an insane amount of hours never got me to where I was earning more than $20,000 a year.  The Ex will probably never make more than $50,000, and even H2, with two associates degrees and five years of specialized training likely won't pull in six figures unless we get damn lucky with some natural disaster that calls for some serious overtime working out of state.  Thing One has progressed over the last few years from wanting whatever job she could get without having to learn to read to now wanting to be a veterinarian/ rock star.  She's pretty big on the rock star thing, but we've agreed that she needs to have a fall back plan, which luckily she agrees is sensible.  Thing Two can't even speak clearly yet, but this kid is already showing signs of being scary bright, so I'm hoping she turns out to be the one who helps H2 and I retire in style.
        My personal feelings aside though, I know that there are a lot of people who aren't cut out for or interested in going to a traditional college.  I don't believe that every child should be required to attend college, but I think that every kid who wants to should be able to.  With higher education costs being what they are, and still climbing, it is almost impossible for parents to foot that bill all on their own.  Traditionally, economists have said that people can afford a house that costs twice their annual salary, if they get a mortgage to pay it off with interest over a period of thirty years or so.  Well, it's already gotten to the point where just one year of college is sometimes equal to my family's annual salary, and we don't get to try and pay that off over thirty years.  We're some of the lucky ones who might be able to pay for our kids to go to college without selling our bodies by the time they are ready to go, but it's going to be tight, and I know that we are a lot better off than a lot of people.
           Just like primary education is something that has to be supported by society in order for society to reap the benefit, secondary education needs to be supported by everyone as well.  The funding for it needs to be a little bit different though, since the potential for waste is higher when dealing with young adults than it is with minor children.  For one thing, the burden of cost needs to be higher for the businesses that require a degree for employment than it is for the individuals who support those businesses.  So right off the bat, any company requires a degree or specialized skill needs to be responsible for outlining the expectations they have for schools who are handing out those degrees.  Then they need to be kicking in to a fund to meet at least a third of the cost of meeting those goals.
          So for example, take the position of pharmaceutical sales.  This happens to be one I'm vaguely familiar with.  Right now, to land a job with a company to peddle their drugs to doctors, a person has to have at least a bachelor's degree.  Thing is, it doesn't much matter what your bachelor's degree is in.  Younger Sister went to college for four years and got a degree in Speech Communications because she started out thinking about a journalism career.  Then she hit a job fair, and was recruited for several sales jobs, pharmaceutical sales being one of those.  I think that the companies doing the hiring for that job need to provide a list of what they expect potential employees to know, and then all the companies who are trying to hire based on that criteria need to pay into a fund that goes to help colleges who try and meet that goal with a degree program.  The more companies that there are looking for a specific skill set, the more funding that schools get to teach that skill set, and the more students there are who are going to try and complete that program knowing that there are jobs to be found if they have it.
         Essentially, we need to track the money.  Profitable companies are the ones who do the hiring in our economy.  So who is making the profits?  Make them use a portion of those profits to train the workforce that they need to keep growing or maintaining those profits, rather than expecting the people whose money provides their profits pay out the butt for the privilege of being able to work for them and increase the profits that they are pocketing.  This works across the board for pretty much every profit based business.  Car manufacturers may only need a few people to design cars for them, but if they are the only ones looking for the skills needed to do that job, then the programs that they help fund will also be smaller, and fewer students will go into that field...
         After we have the pricy degree programs that prepare people for high paying jobs set up, then you go down the ladder with other businesses setting up the programs that their potential employees will need to compete to do the jobs that they need done.  Eventually you get down to things like one semester CDL programs and such, and then you're left with only those businesses that require unskilled labor and provide their own in house training.
        There are going to be some gaps in the non profit areas, and with the degree programs that people get into that train them for careers that exist solely for the benefit of society, such as the arts, plus we can't expect businesses to carry the whole load.  This is where the rest of us come in.  Remember the Federal Department of Education?  Yeah, they're gonna collect a smaller amount of taxes from everyone than they did for primary education, and they're going to allocate those funds as well.  This time everyone is going to kick in about half as much as they did for primary education, since we're paying for a lot less students, and the funds will be disbursed to the schools as the students earn their credit hours.
        Did you catch that?  Yeah, no more prepaying tax money in the hopes that students will actually go to class and get credit for them.now, the onus is on the college to make sure the students are actually learning what they are being taught, and on the students to actually go to class and do the work needed to pass.  This is also where the student contribution comes in.
        I think that colleges, with these programs that have been started with the seed money from the businesses that will actually be hiring the graduates, should have to allow students to pay to take the class, but only let's say a third of what the class costs per credit hour (that's another job for Federal Department of Education, setting a per credit hour rate that colleges cannot exceed that is tied to the cost of living index for increases) So you figure that the school is getting the start up and the first 1/3 of a credit hour paid for by the businesses fund, then the student has to pay for the next 1/3 in order to get into the class, and then, if the student passes the class, Dept of Ed cuts them a check for the remaining 1/3.
       I know a lot of people will think that this would just lead to colleges passing everyone regardless of whether they earned it, but you should also have a set of checks and balances where businesses who can identify students who graduate without being able to demonstrate the skills necessary to do their jobs can file complaints requesting that the colleges guilty of this lose funding from the businesses for their program.  Plus there is no better whistle blower than a college student who has worked their ass off and seen a professor just hand a grade to a slacker.  Peer review will go a long way towards preventing this problem.
       There also needs to be more programs set up to allow college students to work off the cost of books and room and board fees.  There are a lot of  programs that benefit from hiring college students to fill a need that can't be met by just anyone off the street.  The America Reads program comes to mind.  It is a program that pays college students to works as teacher's aides for a few hours a day in elementary schools.  The student gets a little more than minimum wage, the teacher gets an extra body in the class room to provide one on one, and the school district isn't paying someone off of the substitute teacher list to do something that doesn't require any advanced training (subs actually make more per day that the actual teacher does) 

Bottom line, we need to be investing in education, but we need to be doing so in a way that reflects our culture, and in a way that we can afford to sustain.  We will never be able to copy the educational system of another country, because our country is unique in so many ways.  We are capable of competing with those countries, but only if we pull together and play to our strengths, instead of letting our weaknesses tear us apart.

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